NAME OF THE CASE	Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited v. Raheja Developers Limited
CITATION	Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 703 of 2018
DATE OF JUDGEMENT	July 23, 2019
APPELLANT	Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited
RESPONDENT	Raheja Developers Limited
BENCH /JUDGE	Justice Sudhanshu Jyoti Mukhopadhaya
STATUTES INVOLVED	The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
IMPORTANT SECTIONS/ARTICLE	Section 8 of The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. Section 9 of The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.

 

Overview of the Case 

The case of Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited v. Raheja Developers Limited is a matter before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), where an application has been made under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) by Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited (the Operational Creditor) against Raheja Developers Limited (the Corporate Debtor). The core question revolves around whether the insolvency application could be admitted when there was a prior existing dispute between the parties involved. The NCLAT pronounced its judgment on July 23, 2019, bringing clarity to whether such applications are admissible when the disputes are raised after the issuance of a demand notice.

Provisions and Concepts Involved

• Section 8 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: Requires that an operational creditor must serve a demand notice to the corporate debtor, informing them of the default and demanding payment. The corporate debtor has ten days to bring to the notice of the operational creditor the existence of a dispute or the record of the pendency of a suit or arbitration proceeding filed before the receipt of such notice.
• Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: This section allows an operational creditor to initiate a corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRP) against a corporate debtor upon the occurrence of a default in payment of an operational debt.
• Existence of Dispute: It is one of the critical concepts under the IBC, and if shown to be pre-existing that is, before the receipt of the demand notice, would cause an application for insolvency to be rejected under Section 9.

Facts of the case 

Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited had an agreement with Raheja Developers Limited to undertake civil and plumbing works. The Operational Creditor raised several Running Account (R.A.) bills for the work completed, which were certified by the Corporate Debtor without objections. 

Despite multiple reminders and communications, substantial payments remained outstanding. Consequently, on April 28, 2018, Ahluwalia Contracts issued a demand notice under Section 8(1) of the IBC, demanding payment of the unpaid operational debt. 

Raheja Developers initiated arbitration proceedings on May 24, 2018, claiming delays and deficiencies in the work executed by Ahluwalia Contracts. 

The National Company Law Tribunal, New Delhi Bench, dismissed the Section 9 application on September 19, 2018, holding that there was a ‘disputed claim’ and arbitration had been initiated. 

Issue Before the Court

The main question before the NCLAT was whether there was a dispute between the parties or a record of the pendency of a suit or arbitration proceeding filed before the receipt of the demand notice of the unpaid operational debt.

Specifically, the tribunal examined whether the dispute raised by the Corporate Debtor was pre-existing and genuine, which could justify the rejection of the insolvency application under Section 9 of the IBC.

Arguments of the Petitioner (Ahluwalia Contracts)

Ahluwalia Contracts argued that on the date of issuing the demand notice under Section 8(1), no arbitration proceedings were instituted or pending. The arbitration proceeding was instituted by Raheja Developers only after it received the demand notice dated April 28, 2018.

The petitioner has further submitted that the Running Account (R.A.) bills raised for the work completed were certified by the Corporate Debtor without any objections. This certification indicated that the work was completed to the satisfaction of the Corporate Debtor. 

Ahluwalia Contracts referred to the “Comparative Statement of Payment Status between ACIL and RDL” dated August 28, 2017, which bore the seal and signature of the Corporate Debtor to support their claim. The same was brought on record as proof that the Corporate Debtor had admitted the dues by accepting the outstanding payments. 

The petitioner conclusively contended that the dispute raised by Raheja Developers was not pre-existing but arose only after the demand notice was issued. Under the IBC framework, a dispute must be pre-existing to the demand notice for it to be valid. 

Arguments of the Respondent (Raheja Developers)

Raheja Developers argued that the work executed by Ahluwalia Contracts was substandard and not in line with the contractual specifications. It is further alleged that the petitioner had abandoned the work and failed to complete it on time. The respondent also stated that due to the defects in the work, they had to incur additional costs to rectify the defects and complete the project. This resulted in a financial loss for Raheja Developers.

It was claimed before the arbitration tribunal that the petitioner was delaying its development project through Ahluwalia Contracts while it had done deficient work on the same. Accordingly, Raheja Developers initiated arbitration proceedings on May 24, 2018, claiming delays and deficiencies in the work executed by Ahluwalia Contracts.

The respondent emphasized that the dispute regarding the quality and completion of work was pre-existing and had been communicated to Ahluwalia Contracts before the issuance of the demand notice. They conclusively contended that the initiation of arbitration proceedings was a continuation of the pre-existing dispute.

Cases Cited in the Judgment 

• Mobilox Innovations Pvt. Ltd. v. Kirusa Software (P) Limited: It was held by the Supreme Court in this case that there must exist a dispute and/or the suit or arbitration proceeding before, i.e., they must exist prior to receiving the demand notice or invoice. The Court emphasized that the dispute cannot be spurious, hypothetical, or illusory. 

• Innovative Industries Ltd. v. ICICI Bank and Anr.: This judgment clarified that the ‘claim’ means the right to payment, even when disputed, and that the IBC gets triggered the very moment when a default of over ₹1 lakh happens. 

Judgment

It was observed by the NCLAT that Raheja Developers took up arbitration proceedings on the issuance of the demand notice under Section 8(1) of the IBC. There was no evidence of any dispute the Corporate Debtor raised before the said demand notice.

The view of the tribunal was for the existence of a ‘pre-existing dispute’ prior to receipt of the notice of demand. The supposed dispute arose only after a notice of demand and thus cannot be regarded under IBC as a dispute pre-existing. Therefore, the NCLAT set aside the impugned order passed by the NCLT and remitted the matter again to the Adjudicating Authority for allowing the application under Section 9 on admission, allowing the Corporate Debtor to settle with the admission of an application. 

Conclusion 

Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited v Raheja Developers Limited judgments through NCLAT mark the importance of timing the disputes in the Insolvency proceeding under IBC.

For a dispute to become a ground for rejecting an insolvency application under Section 9, it should exist prior to the receipt of the demand notice. Any dispute arising after receiving the demand notice is inadequate to prevent the initiation of CIRP.

The judgment strengthens the objective behind the IBC, which aims at the expeditious resolution of insolvency cases and not allowing the corporate debtors to artificially create disputes to delay the proceedings. Implications for Insolvency Proceedings This case highlights the need for operational creditors to ensure that any disputes are raised before issuing a demand notice under Section 8(1) of the IBC. Failure to do so may result in the rejection of an insolvency application, even if the debt remains unpaid. It also emphasizes the need for corporate debtors to substantiate the existence of a pre-existing dispute with concrete evidence to avoid initiating insolvency proceedings.