CASE NAME	Ravada Sasikala v. State of A.P., (2017) 4 SCC 546
CITATION	AIR 2017 SC 1166, AIR 2017 SC( CRI) 546, 2017 CALCRILR 2 561, (2017) 3 SCALE 179, (2017) 1 DMC 786
COURT	Supreme Court of India
BENCH	Hon’ble Justice Deepak Misra and Justice R. Banumathi
APPELLANT	Ravada Sasikala
RESPONDENT	State of A.P. and Another
DECIDED ON	27th February 2017

INTRODUCTION

The Supreme Court of India’s decision in the matter of Ravada Sasikala vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and Others, rendered on February 27, 2017, emphasizes the importance of giving victims justice and the sentence guidelines in cases involving acid attacks. Ravada Sasikala, the appellant, was found guilty of an acid attack that resulted in serious injuries under Sections 448 (home trespass) and 326 (voluntarily causing grievous hurt by hazardous weapons or means) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). For each infraction, the trial court first fined her and sentenced her to a year of hard labor.

The accused filed an appeal for acquittal, while the State of Andhra Pradesh asked for an enhanced punishment. The High Court maintained the fines and affirmed the conviction but lowered the jail sentence to the amount previously served. The Supreme Court heard the case because the defendant was unhappy with the sentence reduction.

The Supreme Court upheld the trial court’s initial sentence, highlighting the gravity of acid attacks and the sentencing proportionality principle. The Court also ordered the offender to compensate the victim, highlighting the significance of victim rehabilitation and justice in these situations. This ruling upholds the judiciary’s responsibility to properly combat horrible crimes.

FACTS OF THE CASE

After completing her intermediate course, the appellant traveled to Amalapuram in the East Godavari District to stay with her brother, who was employed as an assistant professor at B.V.C. Engineering College in Vodalacheruvu, approximately a week before the incident. She then traveled to Sompuram, her brother’s hometown, with him. The accused’s older brother at the time suggested a marital match between the appellant and the accused, but her family refused. The stated aspect is obviously completely unimportant, but the record does not support the rationale for expressing the unwillingness. It is important to note that the marriage proposal was turned down. According to the evidence presented in court, the morning of May 24, 2003, was the darkest and blackest of her life because the accused broke into her home, poured a bottle of acid over her head, and had the appellant place a towel over her head to dry it after taking a head bath. The visual testimony and the medical evidence have proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the acid attack caused the disfigurement of a portion of her body.

The accused was found guilty under Sections 326 and 448 of the IPC by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Vizianagaram, but not under Section 307 of the IPC. Based on his care for his elderly parents, his financial situation, the social class he belongs to, and a few other considerations, the convicted individual begged for mercy during the sentencing hearing under Section 235(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). After hearing his case, the learned trial judge sentenced him to a year of severe imprisonment and ordered him to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000 with a default clause under Section 326 IPC. He was also sentenced to pay a punishment of Rs. 1000 with a default clause under Section 448 IPC.

ISSUES RAISED

• Whether the High Court has adhered to sentencing precedents or has been swayed by an incomprehensible and unfathomable sense of individual mercy, completely disregarding the victim’s suffering and plight a young girl who had been the victim of an acid attack, a terrible assault on a person’s bodily autonomy that is particularly pronounced when the victim is a young woman?
• Whether the learned single judge’s sentence was appropriate for the offense in question?

ARGUMENTS FROM BOTH SIDES

Arguments on behalf of the appellant

• Ms. Aparna Bhat, the appellant’s knowledgeable attorney, argues that the 30-day period cannot, by any means, be considered appropriate for the offense under Section 326 IPC and most definitely not in the case of an acid assault. She would also insist that the criminal justice system is damaged and the idea of justice is shamed in such a circumstance. 
• Furthermore, the learned counsel would argue that while mercy “whose quality is not unstrained” may be regarded as a virtue in the context of justice, misguided sympathy and the display of unjustified mercy are likely to lead to total injustice. She has recommended us to a few authorities, whom we will eventually consult.

Arguments on behalf of the respondent

• On the contrary, Mr. Y. Raja Gopala Rao, the respondent’s learned counsel, argues that since the incident occurred a long time ago and both the appellant and the respondent have since moved on to lead independent, married lives, it would not be appropriate to alter the sentence that the High Court reduced. 
• He argues that even if the respondent hasn’t contested the conviction in front of the High Court, he has been living a changed life, and it would be unfair to put him in jail after all this time.

JUDGMENT

There was no need to shorten the sentence to the already served time when there was medical proof that the young child had been attacked with acid, the facts were persuasively presented, and the conviction was accepted. If we permit ourselves to say so, the feeling of justice is not only shunned but also sent to “Vanaprastha” without any formalities when a substantive punishment of thirty days is imposed for the crime of the present character, which is the acid assault on a little girl. It is completely forbidden. In light of the aforementioned rulings, the Court ordered the State to pay Rs. 3 lakhs in compensation and the accused, respondent No. 2, to pay Rs. 50,000. In addition to the punishment issued by the trial court, the accused faces a harsh six-month jail sentence if he fails to pay the compensation sum within the allotted six months. After the victim has been properly identified, the learned trial judge will release the money in her favor after the State deposits it before the trial court within three months.

CONCLUSION

The significance of victim compensation and proportionate sentencing in acid attack cases is emphasized by the Supreme Court’s ruling in Ravada Sasikala vs. the State of Andhra Pradesh and Others. Acid attacks are horrible crimes that severely traumatize victims physically and psychologically, frequently changing their lives forever. In addition to penalizing the perpetrator, the judiciary’s role in dealing with such crimes includes making sure the victim receives justice and rehabilitation. Although it could be claimed that the punishment did not entirely reflect the seriousness of the offense, the trial court’s one-year sentence under Section 326 IPC in this case reflected the seriousness of the crime.

Since the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act of 2013, the legal framework pertaining to acid assaults has expanded to incorporate particular provisions under Sections 326A and 326B of the IPC. These clauses aim to address the particular harm caused by acid assaults and stipulate severe penalties for them. However, the possibility of punishment may have been limited because this case was decided under the pre-amendment law. Despite being in compliance with the law, the trial court’s sentence may not have reflected the increased judicial understanding and harshness required by modern norms for such crimes.

The leniency of the High Court’s decision to lower the sentence to the already served period drew criticism. It sparked debate on the uniformity of the legal system’s sentencing policies in cases involving serious injury. The Supreme Court showed its dedication to guaranteeing proportionate punishment by upholding the lower court’s sentence. Even this one-year sentence that was reinstated, though, might be condemned for not doing enough to alleviate the victim’s lifelong suffering. Although legally acceptable, the severity of the sentence could not have adequately expressed how society condemns such horrible acts.

One admirable feature of the ruling is the Court’s emphasis on victim recompense. In order to acknowledge the victim’s suffering and support their rehabilitation, compensation is provided. However, there is uncertainty in its application because the ruling does not offer specific instructions on how to calculate compensation. Given that India’s victim compensation system frequently lacks consistency and does not guarantee prompt distribution, this represents a larger systemic problem. The cost of medical care and rehabilitation for survivors of acid attacks is extremely high, and it is imperative that the courts acknowledge this fact.

The ruling also emphasizes how sentencing guidelines must be applied consistently. Even if the reinstated sentence complies with the proportionality principle, it does not establish a strong precedent for how comparable cases would be handled under the revised judicial system. Future rulings must guarantee that acid attack penalties are commensurate with the seriousness of the offense and act as a disincentive.

The verdict has been criticized for not imposing a term that adequately reflects the seriousness of the offense. The impact that acid attacks have on society necessitates a more robust legal reaction, not just in terms of punishment but also in terms of guaranteeing systemic changes for victim assistance. The ruling emphasizes the need for a more comprehensive approach to justice in acid attack cases, even though it is praiseworthy for acknowledging victim compensation and proportionate sentencing. Stricter sentencing criteria and improved legal clarity are necessary to effectively address such crimes.