INTRODUCTION 

The verdict that the Madras High Court handed down in the matter of Chinnaya vs. Ramayya is revered as a landmark decision. The contract law field revolves around the complex idea of “Privity of Consideration,” which is related to the concept of consideration. Because it digs into the theory’s complexities and applicability in various contractual scenarios, this decision represents a significant turning point in the evolution of contract law jurisprudence in India. A complete understanding of the “Privity of Consideration” doctrine is essential. In the field of contract law, this theory is a fundamental idea that in order to enforce or benefit from a contract, only those parties who have supplied consideration (something of value) as part of the agreement can fulfill their obligations. To put it another way, if a person is not a party to the contract and has not provided any compensation, then they are normally unqualified to file a lawsuit in order to enforce the contract or to assert any rights that are derived from it. 

FACTS

• The land and property that comprised an estate belonged to a lady who owned it. In the beginning, this lady presented her sister with a portion of her wealth as a gift. It is likely that this transaction was carried out without any particular terms or duties being imposed. 
• After some time had passed, the woman made the decision to give her daughter, Ramayya, an additional portion of your wealth. Nevertheless, this present was contingent upon Ramayya fulfilling a condition: he was obligated to provide a yearly annuity payment of Rs. 653 to Chinnaya, the sister of the lady. 
• A written agreement was entered into by Ramayya in order to formally establish the condition of paying the annual annuity installment. As a result of this agreement, Ramayya was essentially bound to provide the annual payment that was specified to Chinnaya since she was her aunt. 
• It was after the lady had gone away and Ramayya had taken custody of the land when the problem materialized. Despite the arrangement being made, Ramayya did not honor the obligation to pay the annuity to Chinnaya, who was her mother’s sister, at this moment. 
• Chinnaya, dissatisfied with Ramayya’s failure to pay the annuity as per the terms of the agreement, decided to move further with legal procedures. Within the context of the agreement, Chinnaya, in her capacity as the appellant, initiated legal proceedings against Ramayya, the respondent, with the intention of obtaining the enforcement of the annuity payment.

ISSUE RAISED

1. 1. Can the plaintiff sue the defendant for the amount promised in a contract if someone other than the plaintiff provides the consideration for the promise? 
   2. Is the notion of “Privity of Consideration” applicable in the Indian context? 

PLAINTIFF’S ARGUMENTS

It was argued by the learned counsel representing the appellants that when the respondent’s mother left all of her property to her daughter (the respondent), the consideration for her mother was the respondent’s promise to pay the appellant (the mother’s sister) a certain amount on a yearly basis. 

Additionally, the learned counsel asserted that the appellant had the legal authority to initiate legal action against the respondent in accordance with the Indian Contract Law to recoup the amount of money that was agreed upon and signed by the respondent regarding the contract. 

RESPONDENT’S ARGUMENTS

The learned counsel from the respondents’ side contented that the property or the estate which is being referred here was received by the plaintiff from her mother as a gift. Thus, the respondent here has no responsibility to pay any money or annuity as compensation to her aunt (the appellant). 

The learned counsel also stated in front of the Honorable Court that the contract that is being referred to here was actually signed between the respondent and her mother. As a result, the appellant does not have the authority to interfere in such a contract after the death of the elderly lady, who is the mother of the respondent. 

In addition, the council was satisfied that even if there was a contract between the appellant and the respondent, the respondent did not get anything as compensation from her aunt, who is the appellant. This is a requirement for a legal contract according to section 10 of the Indian Contracts Act.  In addition, the appellant was completely unfamiliar with the land, which means that the property that was provided to them cannot be regarded a valid consideration. 

JUDGEMENT

According to the decision of the Madras High Court, the consideration for the agreement between the defendant and the plaintiff had been provided by the defendant’s sister, who was the respondent’s mother, on behalf of the plaintiff, who was the sister. The promise that the promisor had made to the plaintiff could be enforced by the plaintiff since she was a party to the contract, notwithstanding the fact that the plaintiff was unfamiliar with the consideration. 

According to Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act of 1872, which provides that consideration can be given by the promisee or by anybody acting on her behalf, the court made reference to this provision. Accordingly, the court came to the conclusion that the consideration provided by the elderly lady was adequate for the plaintiff to be able to sue the defendant on the basis of her promise. As a result of the ruling, it was determined that the sister was eligible to receive an order that required her to pay the annual sum of money.

 CONCLUSION

According to the decision of the Madras High Court, the consideration for the agreement between the defendant and the plaintiff had been provided by the defendant’s sister, who was the respondent’s mother, on behalf of the plaintiff, who was the sister. The promise that the promisor had made to the plaintiff could be enforced by the plaintiff since she was a party to the contract, notwithstanding the fact that the plaintiff was unfamiliar with the consideration.

 According to Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act of 1872, which provides that consideration can be given by the promisee or by anybody acting on her behalf, the court made reference to this provision. Accordingly, the court came to the conclusion that the consideration provided by the elderly lady was adequate for the plaintiff to be able to sue the defendant on the basis of her promise. As a result of the ruling, it was determined that the sister was eligible to receive an order that required her to pay the annual sum of money.