CASE NAME	State of Maharashtra v. Madhukar Narayan Mardikar, (1991) 1 SCC 57
CITATION	AIR 1991 SC 207, [1991(61) FLR 688], JT 1990 (4) SC169, (1991) IIL LJ 269 SC, 1990 (2) SCALE 849
COURT	Supreme Court of India
BENCH	Hon’ble Justice A.M. Ahmadi and Justice K. Jagannatha Shetty
APPELLANT	State of Maharashtra and Another
RESPONDENT	Madhukar Narayan Mardikar
DECIDED ON	23rd October 1990

INTRODUCTION

No one has the right to infringe on a woman’s privacy, as guaranteed by the Constitution. She has equal protection under the law and is equally entitled to defend herself if someone tries to violate her wishes. Therefore, her evidence cannot be disregarded just because she is a woman of simple virtue; instead, care is the only thing that should be used. In Thana District, Maharashtra, the accused had been an Inspector of Police at the Bhiwandi Police Station. He once went to a woman’s house late one night while wearing his uniform by himself and asked to have sex with her. Her husband and other neighbors gathered outside and contacted the police station because she was screaming and crying out that she was being rejected. The defendant ordered the woman to be transported to the police station after accusing her of abusing him when he got on the scene. In the Supreme Court of India case State Of Maharashtra & Anr. Vs. Madhukar Narayan Mardikar, the court, invoked the Women’s Privacy Protection Act to defend itself against claims of rights infringement. It deals with the likelihood of reaching evidentiary corroboration based on the specific circumstances and the probative value of facts in criminal trials.

FACTS OF THE CASE

In Thana District, Maharashtra, the accused had been an Inspector of Police at the Bhiwandi Police Station. He once went to a woman’s house late one night while wearing his uniform by himself and asked to have sex with her. Her husband and other neighbors gathered outside and contacted the police station in response to her shouts and cries of rejection. The defendant ordered the woman to be transported to the police station after accusing her of abusing him when he got on the scene.

Following the woman’s written complaint, a preliminary investigation was started. Following testimony, an indictment was prepared to charge the Inspector with misconduct for two reasons: first, intending to engage in forceful and illegal sexual relations with the woman, and second, creating documents to falsely claim that a prohibition raid had taken place in the area at the same time in order to defend himself. Additionally, a departmental internal inquiry was started, a thorough report was written, and the accused was given a termination order. After reviewing the report with the investigators, the Inspector General of Police gave the defendant a statement outlining his motivations. The inspector general thereupon gave the order to fire. Following that, the defendants filed an appeal, which was partially accepted. He wrote a petition to the Supreme Court because he was distressed. The department court declared the petition innocent of all allegations and reversed the contentious deportation order.
Infuriated by the ruling, Maharashtra petitioned the Supreme Court for special leave (SLP) under Section 136 of the Constitution.

ISSUES RAISED

• Was it appropriate for the High Court to reject Banubi’s testimony in order to determine the Respondent’s guilt? 
• Was there enough evidence presented to the Respondent to support the accusations made against him?

ARGUMENTS FROM BOTH SIDES

Arguments on behalf of the appellant

• Despite accusations regarding her conduct, the State argued that the victim had no reason to falsely implicate Police Inspector Mardikar. They maintained that her regular testimony and timely complaints demonstrated her dependability.
• The petitioner emphasized the departmental inquiry’s conclusions, which showed that Inspector Mardikar had gone to the victim’s home by himself at night while posing as a prohibition raider. According to the State, this action was improper and suggestive of wrongdoing. 
• According to the State, Inspector Mardikar tried to hide his wrongdoing by fabricating official records, such as station diaries, to make it appear as though he was carrying out a valid raid. It was claimed that this act of creating evidence constituted a grave duty violation. 
• According to the petitioner, Inspector Mardikar had a fair opportunity to defend himself during the departmental investigation. They maintained that the High Court shouldn’t have reversed the inquiry’s conclusions because a lot of evidence supported them. 

Arguments on behalf of the respondent

On receiving information that the woman was trading in illegal alcohol, the respondent claimed to have raided her hutment. She acknowledged having an extramarital affair when it was brought up in front of the Departmental Enquiry. Despite the fact that nothing incriminating was discovered at her home, she filed a fake complaint against the respondent to avoid legal action after discovering alcohol close to her hutment. Furthermore, it was argued that a lady with such a past could be unreliable since she could compromise to any degree.

JUDGMENT

In reviewing the case history, the Supreme Court observed that there was compelling evidence and justification for the removal order, including the improbability that Banubi, who had a bad reputation, would file a false complaint against a police officer and thus face the wrath of the police force. The case intended to be made out by the Respondent had a number of flaws, including the contradictory testimony of two police constables who had purportedly accompanied Banubi on the raid, and they concluded that Banubi’s statement was further supported by evidence. The Court also took into account the fact that no significant defects could be revealed during Banubi and her husband’s cross-examination. As a result, the Court disagreed with the High Court that the evidence presented did not support a case for the Respondent’s guilt. The Supreme Court also concluded that, despite the fact that it was outside of its purview, the High Court had engaged in a review of the evidence presented to them. 

Regarding the issue of privacy and the trustworthiness of an assault victim’s testimony, the Court stated that even a woman of “easy virtue” has the right to privacy and that no one would be allowed to intrude on her personal space. In contrast to the High Court’s ruling, which rejected Banubi’s testimony on the grounds that she was an unchaste woman and could not be trusted to the point of jeopardizing a public official’s career, the Supreme Court pointed out that Banubi had been truthful about her past. As a result, the Supreme Court upheld the order removing the Respondent from service and overturned the High Court’s decision.

CONCLUSION

In this instance, Madhukar Narayan Mardikar, a police officer, was fired after being accused of grave misbehavior. To decide whether the dismissal judgment was warranted, the Supreme Court of India considered the facts, supporting documentation, and procedural fairness of the disciplinary processes against the respondent.

The main problem started when the High Court overturned the dismissal judgment, casting doubt on the victim’s credibility due to her supposed “questionable character.” The idea that a victim’s character lessens the seriousness of the wrongdoing done to her was flatly rejected by the Supreme Court. The Court argued that even a disreputable woman has the right to legal protection and dignity. This decision supports the idea that a victim’s character has no bearing on responsibility.

The Court further emphasized that the respondent had plenty of opportunity to defend himself during the procedurally fair departmental investigation. The inquiry committee’s conclusions were supported by a lot of evidence, such as the officer’s shady nighttime raid at the victim’s home and his subsequent attempt to falsify official documents to defend his behavior. These actions were judged to be egregiously unsuitable for a law enforcement official.

The Supreme Court maintained the dismissal order issued by the disciplinary body and confirmed by the appeal authority by overriding the High Court’s ruling. The Court’s ruling made clear how important it is for the court to preserve institutional integrity and defend the rights and dignity of everyone, regardless of social status.

The Supreme Court’s ruling in this case establishes a crucial precedent for victim care and public servant accountability, especially for police officers. It supports the notion that everyone is entitled to the protection of their legal rights and dignity, regardless of their social status or personal qualities. Law enforcement organizations are also strongly reminded by the ruling of the value of moral behavior. In addition to failing in their individual duties, officers who commit misconduct damage the public’s confidence in the system. The Court’s focus on upholding police integrity draws attention to the wider societal repercussions of individual law enforcement wrongdoing.

In summary, the case demonstrates the judiciary’s dedication to maintaining institutional integrity, justice, and dignity. The Court guaranteed accountability and reiterated the rule that wrongdoing cannot be accepted regardless of the victim’s background by reiterating the dismissal order. This ruling continues to be a pillar of the Indian legal system’s initiatives to safeguard the weak and preserve public trust in the police.