CASE BRIEF: MUNIYANDI v. V. MUTHUKUMAR

CASE NAME	Muniyandi vs V. Muthukumar
CITATION	Crl.O.P.(MD)No.16600 of 2018 and Crl.M.P.(MD)No.7350 of 2018
COURT	Madras High Court
BENCH	Hon’ble Justice K. MUrali Shankar
PETITIONER	Muniyandi
RESPONDENT	V. Muthukumar
DECIDED ON	Decided on 30 March 2022

INTRODUCTION

The legal disagreement between Muniyandi, the petitioner, and V. Muthukumar, the respondent, is the focus of the case Muniyandi vs. Muthukumar, which was determined on December 26, 2016. The petitioner filed a case in the Madras High Court, requesting legal recourse for issues pertaining to the respondent’s actions. The disagreement started from exchanges that took place at Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, between the respondent, a lawyer, and the petitioner, a law enforcement official. Muniyandi was working as a Sub-Inspector of Police at the Koomapatti Police Station in the Virudhunagar District’s Srivilliputhur Taluk at the time of the filing. On the other hand, V. Muthukumar, a Srivilliputhur-based counsel, had previously filed complaints and petitions under a number of different Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.P.C.) sections.

The respondent, Muthukumar, initiated legal proceedings by submitting a petition under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. to the Judicial Magistrate No. I am in Srivilliputhur. The petition sought directions to register a First Information Report (FIR) against specific individuals, including a person named John Pandian, for alleged offenses under multiple sections of the Tamil Nadu Property (Prevention of Damage and Loss) Act and the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The petitioner, Muniyandi, was given instructions by the magistrate to carry out an initial investigation and submit a report regarding the subject. However, more legal action resulted from claims that the petitioner had not registered the matter in accordance with the court’s orders.

After the respondent filed a private complaint in accordance with Section 200 Cr.P.C., the court took notice of the offense and summoned the petitioner. This case offers a more comprehensive analysis of the legal obligations placed on law enforcement to carry out court orders.

FACTS OF THE CASE

A Section 217 IPC violation is said to have been committed by the petitioner, a Sub-Inspector of Police at Koomapatti Police Station in the Virudhunagar District, for allegedly neglecting to file a formal complaint as instructed by the court. The complainant/respondent is a Srivilliputhur-based advocate in practice. The complainant had applied for the registration of a First Information Report (FIR) against John Pandian and twelve other people for violations under Sections 147, 148, 294(b), 448, 307, and 120(b) IPC and the TNPPDL Act before Judicial Magistrate No. I, Srivilliputhur, pursuant to Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. In compliance with the Lalita Kumari ruling, the Magistrate sent this petition to the Koomapatti Police Station with a request that the petitioner perform a preliminary investigation within two months. The respondent claimed that the petitioner neglected to register the case in spite of the Magistrate’s explicit instruction in Cr.M.P.No. 4250 of 2016 to do so. Due to the petitioner’s inaction, the respondent filed a private complaint under Section 200 Cr.P.C., which prompted the Magistrate to take notice of the violation under Section 217 IPC and send the petitioner a summons.

On the other hand, the petitioner claims that on October 28, 2016, while on duty, a Manakottai filed a complaint alleging that the respondent had attacked her nephew and insulted her. After conducting an investigation, the petitioner filed Cr. No.196 of 2016 against the respondent alleging violations of Sections 4 of the TNPHW Act, 294(b), 323, and 506(i) of the IPC. In order to refute this charge, the petitioner alleges that the respondent submitted a fictitious petition under Section 156(3), fabricating a tale to evade prosecution. After conducting an investigation, the petitioner concluded that the respondent’s claims lacked merit and filed a complaint with the District Police Office. The petitioner further contended that he was placed on protective duty during the pertinent period as a result of the Jallikattu demonstrations and subsequently took a medical leave of absence. He did not neglect his duty at Koomapatti Police Station because, upon returning to work, his duties were transferred to another officer.

ISSUES RAISED

Is the petition liable to be quashed?
Whether the accused can be prosecuted under Sec. 217 IPC?

ARGUMENTS FROM BOTH SIDES

Arguments on behalf of the petitioner

The respondent filed the above private complaint only to harass the petitioner; hence, the proceedings are pending in S.T.C.No.478 of 2017 on the file of Judicial Magistrate No. I, Srivilliputhur, may be quashed. The petitioner conducted an unbiased investigation based on the complaint sent by the respondent to the Superintendent of Police. The respondent cannot expect the petitioner to act on his own whims and fancies as he dictates. The petitioner has always been acting in accordance with the law and strictly adhering to the procedures contemplated under the Criminal Procedure Code and Police Standing Orders.
In addition, the respondent filed a second private complaint against the petitioner and Gr.II Constable Kathiresan, who was working with the petitioner at Koomapatti Police Station. The complaint claimed that the respondent Advocate had been mistreated and mistreated while in the police station providing legal advice to his client. The learned Magistrate had forwarded the complaint, and the Inspector of Police had been ordered to conduct a preliminary investigation, as stipulated by the Hon’ble Apex Court in Lalita Kumari’s case. Following the investigation, the Inspector of Police produced a report dated 03.042017, which stated that the petitioner had exaggerated the incident shown in the complaint and that because of the prior animosity, the present complaint came to be filed.
Given that the petitioner works for the government, the government must have taken prior action, and the claims in the complaint do not meet the requirements for an offense under Section 217 I.P.C.

Arguments on behalf of the respondent

The respondent cited the Madras High Court’s decision in Crl. O.P.(MD) No. 5944 of 2011, dated 28.03.2017, in which the petitioner was accused of violating Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. when he neglected to file a First Information Report (FIR) following receipt of a complaint. Following the third respondent’s complaint, Cr. No.80 of 2009 was registered for a number of IPC offenses as well as violations of Sections 8 and 9 of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The case went to trial after the charge sheet was prepared, following the Chief Judicial Magistrate’s instructions that led to the registration of the FIR. The Court dismissed the petition, ruling that the charges contained in the charge sheet formed a prima facie case and that the veracity of some of the claims could only be determined at trial.

JUDGMENT

It is established law that when a police officer fails to register a case and execute a summons or NBW, the officer should be given a reasonable chance to explain his position. If the court concludes that there is sufficient evidence to establish a duty violation, it may then take legal action against the offending police officer. As was previously mentioned, there was no explicit order for the petitioner to register the F.I.R. in the current instance. Furthermore, neither the respondent nor the jurisdictional magistrate is in possession of any correspondence or notification that the Court previously requested be sent in order for the report to be filed. As correctly argued by the petitioner’s learned attorney, the learned magistrate failed to send a letter or notice to the relevant police official before filing the complaint under Section 200 Cr.P.C., asking for comments or an explanation for the official’s failure to file the report as required by the court. Furthermore, the learned Magistrate has simply documented the respondent’s sworn statement and, based on that, has taken cognizance.

There is insufficient evidence to suggest that the petitioner intentionally disregarded the court’s orders, even if we assume for the purposes of argument that the instruction was only given to the petitioner. Without hesitation, this Court holds that the elements of Section 217 I.P.C. have not been proven and that it would be unjustified to allow the prosecution to continue. Thus, this Court determines that the S.T.C.No.478 of 2017 proceedings against the petitioner are underway before Judicial Magistrate Court No. I, Srivilliputhur, may be set aside.

CONCLUSION

The petitioner, Muniyandi, was charged with violating Section 217 IPC for knowingly neglecting to file a formal complaint (FIR) in spite of a direct court order under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. The Court carefully reviewed the allegations against Muniyandi. The main legal question was whether the petitioner intentionally obstructed the judicial process by failing to perform his duties as a Sub-Inspector of Police.

The Court mainly relied on the interpretation of Section 217 IPC, which addresses the disobedience of law by public personnel with the intention of sparing an individual punishment or preventing the seizure of property. The respondent contended that the petitioner had violated Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. by failing to file the FIR, even after receiving explicit directions from the Judicial Magistrate. The Court also underlined the significance of the Lalita Kumari v. Government of U.P. ruling, which requires the police to file a formal complaint (FIR) right away, without first performing a preliminary investigation, whenever a cognizable offense is discovered.

The Court explained the petitioner’s responsibilities as a law enforcement officer, making it clear that a police officer must comply with a magistrate’s orders to look into a complaint in accordance with Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. Section 217 IPC defines failure to comply as a dereliction of duty unless excused by good cause. The Court came to the conclusion that there was enough preliminary evidence to demonstrate that Muniyandi, the petitioner, had disregarded the magistrate’s legal orders.

Section 217 IPC called for additional legal action since he disregarded the directive to file an FIR, even though he was given unambiguous orders to do so. The Court maintained the summons that was sent to the petitioner and noted that more consideration may be given to the case’s merits—including the petitioner’s defense—during the trial stage. Therefore, the Court upheld the fundamental rule that law enforcement officials must scrupulously follow court orders, particularly when processing complaints under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C., as any departure could result in legal ramifications under Section 217 IPC.